CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Education has a pivotal role in nation as well as individual character building. It is a life line for any society and nation. Education of a child needs multidimensional efforts. Students, teachers, institute and parents all have their importance in their process of learning.  More education must start with the family.  The family, as an institution, has a lot of influence on the child's progress at school as well as his academic performance. The family also provides him with basic training and discipline when he goes to school and has a powerful influence on the child throughout his school life. According to reports, the family provides ideas assist students with homework and other curriculum-related activities, decisions, and planning. Families can get information on the skills required for students in all subjects, as well as homework policies and how to monitor and discuss schoolwork at home. 

Importantly, Parents education is such a motivating force for a child which paves the way for his/her future. Since ancient times, the family has been a major source from which children copy ways of behavior.However, these days, the majority of schoolchildren spend little or no time with their parents. Working-class families are rushing to educate and train their children. What types of education or lessons could children learn from their parents if both parents leave for work in the morning and return home very late at night? There isn't time to go over what the kids did at school or work on their homework.Uche (1980)k summarizes it by stating that the parent level of education attainment is the foundation of all children's learning. This is due to the fact that children are guided by their parents' aspirations, which bring their desired standard or goals to this extent, one can say that teacher does his teaching but high or low academic achievement is actually the parent's socioeconomic background to their child. Furthermore, Smith, Fagan, and Vivund (2002) claimed that parental  level of education position was a strong predictor of intellectual success at the age of eight years. Therefore it will not be out of context to opine that, Students' socioeconomic situation, as well as a variety of other characteristics linked to their home environment, such as their parents' educational backgrounds, health status, parental employment, and family size, may have an impact on their academic success.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Parental education is considered the most stable (permanent) aspect of socio-economic status. This is because a  characteristic that may affect the value of parental involvement in students academic achievement is parental educational level. According to  Jacqulynm, (2005).it is an admitted fact that the children of educated parents are more confident, resourceful and experienced than the children whose parents lack education. And Thompson et al (1988) says mother’s level of education influences adolescents educational outcomes expectancy beliefs. A study by (Campbell, et al., 1999) using NAEP data indicated that students who reported higher parental education levels tended to have higher average score. Karshen (2003) says that students whose parents are well educated get higher positions than those whose parents are not educated. Educated parents help their children in school work activities. Dave and Dave (1971) found that high achievers belong to homes with parents higher education level. The failed students belong to those who have lower parents education level.

            Several studies has been carried out  on this particular phenomenon of parental socio-economic status and its effects on pupils academic performance  in different regions of the world. There seem to be little consideration precisely  on parent level of education and pupil learning achievement. Therefore is against this backdrop that this study seeks to examine the effect of parental educational attainment on  pupils learning achievement in public primary schools.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The broad objective of this study is to examine the effect of parental educational attainment on  pupils learning achievement in public primary schools using Calabar South Local Government Area in Cross River State. Specifically, this research set out to: 

1.        Ascertain whether  parent educational attainment  have influence on the assistance provided during pupil’s assignment and term project.

2.        Examine whether  parental educational attainment determines the level of academic support they offer their Children.

3.        Investigate  whether  parental educational attainment gear up the interests of students towards academic performance 4.        Determine if there is any significant difference in the academic performance  of student raised by  educated  and uneducated parent.

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